The economics of food price caps: who benefits, who pays and the ripple effects
Food price caps, where the price of certain foods is fixed, can appear to be an appealing response to rising living costs. Food is an essential good, and food inflation disproportionately affects lower-income households. Since 2021, food price inflation has been an increasing concern. Various external shocks - from supply chain disruptions during Covid to the closure of the Strait of Hormuz - have worked to affect food prices via increases in energy, fertiliser, and transport costs.
A new briefing from the Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food and academics at the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment sets out a concise overview of the economics of food price caps. The briefing outlines the potential benefits and drawbacks of establishing price caps, and highlights the trade-offs for policymakers to consider when assessing proposals for interventions.
Lead author, Stephanie Walton, said: 'Given the profound difficulties that rising food prices have placed on households, it is understandable that price caps are an attractive option for providing immediate relief. However, they can also create difficulties elsewhere in the food system that, in the end, erode the benefits. This briefing provides a concise overview of the economics of food price caps - both the advantages and weaknesses.'
Professor Sir Charles Godfray, Director of the Oxford Martin School and the Future of Food programme said, 'while food price caps might seem like an easy win, their effects extend beyond the prices seen in supermarkets to influence retailers, processors, farmers and household purchasing decisions. Unexpected effects may reduce benefits to consumers, ultimately not providing the relief they need'.
Read the briefing:
